After completing Lama Tsongkhapa’s explanation of the six perfections in his Middle-Length Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment (Middle Lamrim), we now turn to two topics that he explores in exceptional depth: concentration and wisdom. In this next section, we begin with concentration, examining Lama Tsongkhapa’s presentation of calm abiding (shamatha; Tibetan: zhi-nay)—a state of meditative concentration so stable and powerful that the mind can remain on its object for hours without distraction.

As Shantideva writes in the Bodhisattvacharyavatara:

The person whose mind is distracted
Dwells between the gaping fangs of the mental afflictions.
However, through isolating body and mind,
Distractions will not occur.
Mental afflictions are vanquished by special insight
Combined with calm abiding.
Therefore first I shall seek calm abiding.

Drawing on Lama Tsongkhapa’s clear and practical instructions, we will explore the causes and conditions for developing meditative concentration, the obstacles that prevent it, and the methods for overcoming them. Calm abiding is not an end in itself, but the essential foundation for developing special insight into the nature of reality.

Even if we do not apply these instructions all the way to accomplishing full calm abiding, studying this topic is deeply worthwhile. Along the way, we will gain practical guidance on how to meditate more effectively, cultivate a calmer and more focused mind, and strengthen whatever meditation practice we already have. Which is what we all need, isn’t it?

*Please note, due to the open-ended and flexible nature of this class, attendance of these sessions does not count towards a completion card for the FPMT Basic Program